濾膜的選擇 - 知乎

濾膜的選擇 - 知乎首發(fā)于生物科研圈切換模式寫文章登錄/注冊濾膜的選擇細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)專注于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)，生物技術(shù)，歡迎關(guān)注和交流！無論是做無機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)，有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)，還是理化實(shí)驗(yàn)，過濾操作都必不可少，如何合理快速的選擇濾膜、過濾器是每一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)工作者都必須掌握的技能，今天就和大家一起討論如何選擇微孔濾膜和過濾器。一、 微孔濾膜的材質(zhì)（化學(xué)兼容性）選擇微孔濾膜時(shí)，首先要考慮化學(xué)兼容性。濾膜是否耐酸、堿、有機(jī)溶劑等。幾種常見濾膜的特性及應(yīng)用如下所示：1. 聚醚砜濾膜（PES）·特性親水性、高流速、高通量、低蛋白吸附、低溶出物、耐高壓滅菌·應(yīng)用1）一般試劑，樣品的實(shí)驗(yàn)室過濾2）超純水、食品、飲料等的過濾3）血清樣品的過濾2. 醋酸纖維素濾膜（CA）·特性親水性、低吸附能力、低非特異性結(jié)合能力、熱穩(wěn)定性·應(yīng)用1）蛋白質(zhì)和酶過濾2）樣品前處理過濾中最為廣泛使用的濾膜之一3. 混合纖維素酯濾膜（MCE）·特性親水性、高流速、由硝酸纖維素和醋酸纖維素混合而成·應(yīng)用1）微生物和顆粒分析2）無菌測試4. 硝酸纖維素濾膜 （NC）·特性親水性、耐弱酸、高蛋白結(jié)合能力·應(yīng)用1）微生物檢測與捕獲等2）微量元素分析等3）醫(yī)學(xué)研究及診斷方面的生物工程，生化分析等5. 聚偏二氟乙烯濾膜（PVDF）·特性疏水性、高靈敏度、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高、蛋白吸附低、具有良好的耐熱性及化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。·應(yīng)用1） 氣體及蒸汽過濾， 高溫液體過濾，溶劑和化學(xué)原料的凈化過濾2） 油類中不溶物的凈化3） 化學(xué)物質(zhì)的分離和提純6. 聚四氟乙烯濾膜（PTFE）·特性疏水性、具有廣泛的化學(xué)兼容性、耐溫性好、抗強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿、化學(xué)腐蝕性較強(qiáng)的溶劑及氧化劑·應(yīng)用1）化工、醫(yī)藥、食品、能源等領(lǐng)域，幾乎能過濾所有的有機(jī)溶液2）強(qiáng)酸和強(qiáng)堿的過濾3）高溫液體的過濾4）特殊化學(xué)試劑的過濾5）氣體的澄清過濾7. 尼龍濾膜（NY）·特性親水性、耐溫性能好、強(qiáng)度高、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好、耐稀酸稀堿等·應(yīng)用1）樣品的除菌，過濾2）工業(yè)水的過濾8. 聚丙烯濾膜（PP）·特性耐酸堿、耐磨損、耐沖擊、微孔分布均勻、過濾面積大、透水性好·應(yīng)用在藥品、飲料、日常用水、廢水、空氣過濾等方面廣泛應(yīng)用9. 聚碳酸酯核徑跡蝕刻濾膜（PCTE）·特性親水性、有較好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、熱穩(wěn)定性、絕對孔徑、半透明狀薄膜、低蛋白吸附、低萃取·應(yīng)用1）一般過濾2）早期癌癥篩查3）血液學(xué)檢測4）藥品，食品，飲料，釀酒等方面的過濾、除菌細(xì)胞代謝，細(xì)胞遷移，細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)的研究10. 聚酯核徑跡蝕刻濾膜（PETE）·特性親水性，有較好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、熱穩(wěn)定性、絕對孔徑、半透明狀薄膜、低蛋白吸附、低萃取、與PCTE相比抗溶劑性更好， 更適于過濾腐蝕性液體?！?yīng)用1）一般過濾2）血液學(xué)檢測3）藥品，食品，飲料，釀酒等方面的過濾、除菌4）腐蝕性樣品的過濾二 濾膜的孔徑具體實(shí)驗(yàn)中，應(yīng)該根據(jù)您的過濾目的實(shí)驗(yàn)需求來選擇合適的孔徑的濾膜和濾器。0.1μm: 能去除樣品中的支原體0.2μm：可以去除99.99%的細(xì)菌微生物，達(dá)到GMP或者藥典的除菌要求，還可以去除樣品、流動(dòng)相中極細(xì)微的顆粒0.45μm: 能濾除大多數(shù)細(xì)菌微生物，對常規(guī)樣品、流動(dòng)相等的過濾，能滿足一般色譜要求。0.8μm及以上：可以過濾較大顆粒的雜質(zhì)或者難處理、渾濁樣品的預(yù)處理，經(jīng)預(yù)處理后再選擇相應(yīng)濾膜進(jìn)行過濾GVS是總部位于意大利的具有40多年歷史的國際性公司，于2014年收購位于美國的原Whatman 工廠。GVS生命科學(xué)提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室過濾和分析產(chǎn)品，包括微過濾產(chǎn)品，微生物檢測產(chǎn)品，環(huán)境監(jiān)測產(chǎn)品，多種材質(zhì)的濾膜片和卷膜， 核酸蛋白分析轉(zhuǎn)印膜，蛋白質(zhì)芯片F(xiàn)AST全系列產(chǎn)品等。產(chǎn)品均為美國和意大利原裝進(jìn)口。GVS是世界上品類最齊全的微孔濾膜供應(yīng)商 ?產(chǎn)品類型：膜片和卷膜?直徑：13mm--293mm?孔徑：0.01μm--20μm?材質(zhì)：CA、MCE、PES、NY、NC、PP、PTFE、PVDF、RC、PCTE、PETE等此外，還可以根據(jù)您的需求幫您訂制大卷膜常用膜片發(fā)布于 2019-11-12 08:36過濾過濾系統(tǒng)過濾器?贊同 62??15 條評論?分享?喜歡?收藏?申請轉(zhuǎn)載?文章被以下專欄收錄生物科研圈生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域前沿資訊，歡迎來交流

微孔濾膜基本原理與分類是怎樣的？ - 知乎

微孔濾膜基本原理與分類是怎樣的？ - 知乎首頁知乎知學(xué)堂發(fā)現(xiàn)等你來答?切換模式登錄/注冊微濾膜超濾膜微孔濾膜基本原理與分類是怎樣的？微孔濾膜基本原理與分類是怎樣的？顯示全部 ?關(guān)注者7被瀏覽25,321關(guān)注問題?寫回答?邀請回答?好問題?添加評論?分享?4 個(gè)回答默認(rèn)排序賽多利斯實(shí)驗(yàn)室?已認(rèn)證賬號? 關(guān)注微孔濾膜是生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中常見的一種重要工具，其原理及分類復(fù)雜多樣，廣泛應(yīng)用于各種研究和實(shí)際操作中。一、基本原理1．膜過濾的原理微孔濾膜的功能基于膜過濾的原理，即當(dāng)一個(gè)液體或氣體在壓力差的作用下通過一個(gè)半透膜時(shí)，孔徑大于濾膜孔徑的顆粒或分子被截留在濾膜表面或孔內(nèi)，形成濾餅或吸附層，而孔徑小于濾膜孔徑的顆?；蚍肿觿t通過濾膜，達(dá)到分離目的。2．膜過濾的過濾機(jī)制膜過濾的過濾機(jī)制主要有三種：機(jī)械截留、吸附截留和架橋截留。機(jī)械截留：這是最直接的過濾機(jī)制，顆粒物由于大于濾膜孔徑而被截留。吸附截留：這是由于顆粒物與濾膜表面的相互作用而被截留，即使顆粒物的大小小于濾膜的孔徑。架橋截留：這是指多個(gè)顆粒物形成的顆粒鏈阻塞了濾膜孔徑，即使單個(gè)顆粒物的大小小于濾膜的孔徑。3．膜過濾的分類根據(jù)濾膜孔徑的大小，膜過濾可以分為宏濾、微濾、超濾、納濾和反滲透。粗濾（Macrofiltration）：濾膜的孔徑通常在10μm以上，主要用于去除液體中的大顆粒物質(zhì)，如沉淀物、懸浮物、大型生物顆粒（如細(xì)菌和藻類）等。微濾（Microfiltration）：微濾膜的孔徑一般在0.1-10 μm之間，主要用于去除微生物和大顆粒物，如支原體、酵母菌等。超濾（Ultrafiltration）：超濾膜的孔徑在0.01-0.1 μm之間，主要用于去除大分子蛋白質(zhì)和聚合物。納濾（Nanofiltration）：納濾膜的孔徑在0.001-0.01 μm之間，主要用于去除小分子有機(jī)物和離子。反滲透（Reverse Osmosis）：反滲透膜的孔徑小于1nm，主要用于去除溶液中的幾乎所有溶質(zhì)。二、應(yīng)用微孔濾膜在許多領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用，以下列舉一些主要的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。1．水處理在水處理中，微孔濾膜主要用于去除水中的懸浮物、顆粒物、微生物等。微孔濾膜可以有效地去除大部分的顆粒物，提高水質(zhì)。在一些高級的水處理系統(tǒng)中，微孔濾膜常常與其他過濾技術(shù)（如超濾、納濾、反滲透）結(jié)合使用，進(jìn)一步提高水質(zhì)。2．生物醫(yī)藥在生物醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域，微孔濾膜常用于水溶液、氣體和分析樣品的過濾。賽多利斯提供的Minisart? 過濾器可以在幾乎不影響成分的條件下對液體進(jìn)行除菌過濾，例如細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物、培養(yǎng)基、緩沖液及試劑的除菌過濾、去除支原體。Minisart? SRP使用無涂層的PTFE制成，可以作為小型的空氣濾器（呼吸器）。Minisart? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)針頭過濾器還可以用于分析樣本制備，例如對待分析的樣品進(jìn)行除顆粒操作可有效延長色譜柱的使用壽命。3．食品加工在食品加工中，微孔濾膜主要用于清除食品中的雜質(zhì)和微生物，提高食品的安全性和質(zhì)量。例如，在釀造過程中，微孔濾膜可以用于去除酒精發(fā)酵過程中產(chǎn)生的酵母和其他微生物，提高酒的純度和口感。在乳品加工中，微孔濾膜可以用于去除牛奶中的細(xì)菌和其他微生物，確保乳品的安全性。4．環(huán)境保護(hù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中，微孔濾膜主要用于處理工業(yè)廢水和城市污水。微孔濾膜可以有效地去除廢水中的懸浮物、顆粒物、有機(jī)物和微生物，減少廢水對環(huán)境的污染。此外，微孔濾膜還可以用于回收廢水中的有價(jià)值成分，如重金屬、染料、表面活性劑等。三、微孔濾膜的分類微孔濾膜可以根據(jù)孔徑大小和過濾溶劑的屬性進(jìn)行分類。1．根據(jù)孔徑大小微孔濾膜的孔徑大小是決定其過濾效果的關(guān)鍵因素之一。不同孔徑的濾膜可以用于過濾不同大小的顆?；蛭⑸铩３Ｒ姷奈⒖诪V膜有0.22 μm、0.45μm、0.8-1.0 μm和1-5 μm等，不同的應(yīng)用需要選擇不同孔徑的微濾膜。0.22 μm濾膜：這是一種常用的微孔濾膜，通常用于過濾細(xì)菌。這種孔徑的濾膜可以有效地過濾掉大多數(shù)常見的細(xì)菌，因此常常用于無菌過濾。0.45 μm濾膜：這種孔徑的濾膜通常用于過濾大部分細(xì)菌和一些微小的顆粒。它也經(jīng)常用于制備樣品，比如在高效液相色譜（HPLC）分析中去除樣品中的微小顆粒。0.8-1.0 μm濾膜：這種孔徑的濾膜通常用于過濾較大的微生物和顆粒，例如酵母和霉菌。1-5 μm濾膜：這種孔徑的濾膜通常用于過濾大顆粒，例如細(xì)胞、顆粒、沉淀物等。2．根據(jù)過濾溶劑的屬性微孔濾膜的材質(zhì)種類眾多，不同的材質(zhì)有不同的特性，因此在不同的應(yīng)用中可能有不同的表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)過濾溶劑的屬性，微孔濾膜可以分為水系微孔濾膜、有機(jī)微孔濾膜和混合通用膜。水系微孔濾膜醋酸纖維素膜（CA）：具有良好的親水性和低蛋白吸附性，常用于生物樣品的過濾。聚醚砜膜（PES）：具有良好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和熱穩(wěn)定性，廣泛應(yīng)用于生物醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域，如蛋白質(zhì)和酶的過濾。有機(jī)微孔濾膜聚四氟乙烯膜（PTFE）：具有極好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性，可以耐受大多數(shù)的酸、堿和有機(jī)溶劑，但其孔結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，適合氣體過濾?；旌贤ㄓ媚つ猃埬ぃ∟Y）：對很多有機(jī)溶劑和某些酸有良好的耐受性，但對一些強(qiáng)堿可能不太耐受。再生纖維素膜（RC）：對許多有機(jī)溶劑和酸堿具有良好的耐受性。由于其良好的親水性，RC濾膜可以直接用于水或水溶液的過濾，無需預(yù)濕化。3．如何選擇微孔濾膜選擇微孔濾膜需要考慮多個(gè)因素，包括以下幾點(diǎn)：孔徑大?。哼x擇適當(dāng)?shù)目讖酱笮∈欠浅Ｖ匾?，這取決于你需要過濾的物質(zhì)的大小。濾膜材質(zhì)：濾膜的材質(zhì)也是一個(gè)重要的選擇因素，不同的材質(zhì)有不同的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、熱穩(wěn)定性和機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。流量和壓力：濾膜的流量和壓力是決定濾膜性能的重要參數(shù)。高流量和低壓力的濾膜通常更適合大規(guī)模的工業(yè)應(yīng)用。耐污染性：濾膜的耐污染性是決定濾膜壽命的重要因素。如果你需要處理的液體中含有大量的懸浮物或顆粒物，可能需要選擇具有高耐污染性的濾膜。成本：濾膜的價(jià)格也是一個(gè)需要考慮的因素。在滿足應(yīng)用需求的前提下，應(yīng)盡量選擇性價(jià)比高的濾膜。兼容性：濾膜需要與過濾系統(tǒng)的其他組件（如泵、管道等）兼容，以確保整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的效率和穩(wěn)定性?？偟膩碚f，選擇微孔濾膜需要根據(jù)你的具體應(yīng)用需求和條件來做出決定。發(fā)布于 2023-09-05 12:00?贊同 10??添加評論?分享?收藏?喜歡收起?透氣透聲膜廠家深圳市戈埃爾科技有限公司專注防水透氣、防水透聲膜模切輔料? 關(guān)注微孔濾膜基本上是用纖維素或高分子材料制成的，利用微孔濾膜上均勻分布的孔徑(孔徑根據(jù)要分離的物質(zhì)去合理選擇)，通過合理的孔徑大小來截留水中的微小固體顆粒與微生物等，使其不能通過微孔濾膜而被去除。決定微孔濾膜的分離效果的是膜材料的本身結(jié)構(gòu)也就是孔的形狀和大小。微孔濾膜的規(guī)格目前有十多種，孔徑可以在0.1～75 μm根據(jù)要過濾的液體去選擇，膜厚在120～150μm去選擇。微孔濾膜的種類有：聚丙烯微孔濾膜、混合纖維酯微孔濾膜、醋酸纖維素濾膜、玻纖微孔濾膜、再生纖維素微孔濾膜、PTFE聚四氟乙烯濾膜以及MCE微孔濾膜等。微孔濾膜發(fā)布于 2021-02-23 10:34?贊同 2??添加評論?分享?收藏?喜歡收起??

濾膜中的有機(jī)系和水系區(qū)別在哪里? - 知乎

濾膜中的有機(jī)系和水系區(qū)別在哪里? - 知乎首發(fā)于環(huán)境污染處理切換模式寫文章登錄/注冊濾膜中的有機(jī)系和水系區(qū)別在哪里?世來至福濾膜中的有機(jī)系和水系區(qū)別在哪里?　　微孔過濾膜Sartorius Series Membrane Filters　　再生纖維素膜(Regenerated Cellulose Membranes，RC)為疏水型濾膜，具有 非特異性吸附低，特別適合于除微粒過濾，其化學(xué)兼容性強(qiáng)，可以耐受大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑，其化學(xué)兼容性如下表所示。直徑50mm和47mm，孔徑0.45μm作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用于溶劑的超凈和脫氣過濾以及HPLC 流動(dòng)相的過濾。主要用于有機(jī)溶劑的過濾。　　醋酸纖維素膜(Cellulose Acetate Membranes，CA)具有很高的流速和熱穩(wěn)定性以及非常低的吸附。0.2μm的濾膜非常適合于水溶液、緩沖液、血清和培養(yǎng)基的除菌過濾。0.45μm的濾膜非常適合于HPLC的流動(dòng)相過濾。關(guān)于得到膜吸附的公開結(jié)果是比較困難的，其與過濾的物質(zhì)、過濾的條件和采用的測定方法以及被測定的膜沒有被預(yù)先除菌有關(guān)。主要用于水相溶液的過濾?！　∠跛崂w維素(Cellulose Nitrate Membranes，CN)是非常好的濾膜材料，其能夠提供非常一致的孔徑結(jié)構(gòu)和寬的孔徑規(guī)格。大的孔徑(8μm，5μm和 3μm)用于趨藥性和細(xì)胞截留，0.45μm用于微粒收集，最小的孔徑(0.1μm)用于溶液的超凈過濾和光散射測量。這種類型濾膜所具有的非特異性吸附性能使其非常利于許多印跡處理過程和診斷試劑的應(yīng)用。用于樣品預(yù)處理，顆粒檢測或除顆粒?！　∧猃埬?Polyamide Membranes，Nylon)具有非常好的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，吸附性強(qiáng)，能耐受大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑和多數(shù)堿性溶液，特別適合于堿性溶液的過濾。用于有機(jī)溶劑過濾，如HPLC流動(dòng)相除顆粒過濾時(shí)，尼龍膜比PTFE膜更經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用，另外，尼龍膜還可以作為轉(zhuǎn)印膜。由于尼龍膜的吸附性能相對較高，一般不推薦用于培養(yǎng)基過濾、或蛋白液等生物樣品的過濾，以免因吸附而損失樣品。在這種情況下，通常采用低吸附的醋酸纖維素膜(CA)，更為適用。用于堿性溶液和有機(jī)溶劑過濾?！　【鬯姆蚁┠?PTFE Membranes，PTFE)采用完全由天然永久疏水的PTFE材質(zhì)，即使在很低的壓差下，也能保證潮濕空氣或其它氣體通行無阻，而水溶液則不能透過。其性能與親水膜正好相反。PTFE濾膜具有極強(qiáng)的化學(xué)兼容性，幾乎能勝任所有的有機(jī)溶劑和強(qiáng)腐蝕化學(xué)品的過濾。在必須用PTFE濾膜過濾水相溶液時(shí)，必須先用乙醇或異丙醇預(yù)浸潤后，水相溶液才能濾過。用于空氣、氣體和疏水性化學(xué)品的過濾。　　玻璃纖維濾膜(Glass Fiber Filters，GF)屬于深層過濾，其主要用途是作為于過濾層，直接加在過濾膜上使用。注意：不同尺寸的濾器對預(yù)過濾膜的直徑都有具體的要求，直徑過大時(shí)，其邊緣會(huì)伸到密封圈下引起漏液。用于提高過濾通過率和連續(xù)過濾。發(fā)布于 2021-11-30 17:06超濾膜?贊同 11??添加評論?分享?喜歡?收藏?申請轉(zhuǎn)載?文章被以下專欄收錄環(huán)境污染處理保護(hù)環(huán)境，人

適用于有機(jī)溶劑過濾的幾種濾膜 - 知乎

適用于有機(jī)溶劑過濾的幾種濾膜 - 知乎切換模式寫文章登錄/注冊適用于有機(jī)溶劑過濾的幾種濾膜hengshui88網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷微濾膜的材質(zhì)分為有機(jī)和無機(jī)兩大類，有機(jī)聚合物有醋酸纖維素、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚醚砜、聚酰胺等。無機(jī)膜材料有陶瓷和金屬等。鑒于微孔濾膜的分離特征，微孔濾膜的應(yīng)用范圍主要是從氣相和液相中截留微粒、細(xì)菌以及其他污染物，以達(dá)到凈化、分離、濃縮的目的。對于微濾而言，膜的截留特性是以膜的孔徑來表征，通?？讖椒秶?.1～1微米，故微濾膜能對大直徑的菌體、懸浮固體等進(jìn)行分離?？勺鳛橐话懔弦旱某吻?、保安過濾、空氣除菌過濾。聚四氟乙烯膜（PTFE）濾芯分親水PTFE膜、疏水PTFE膜絕對精度廣泛化學(xué)相容性適用：氣體除菌過濾，各種酸、堿、有機(jī)溶劑的過濾聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF)濾芯分親水PVDF膜、疏水PVDF膜絕對精度廣泛化學(xué)相容性適用：氣體除菌過濾，各種酸、堿、有機(jī)溶劑的過濾尼龍膜（N6N66）濾芯帶電荷膜分N6、N66兩種膜絕對精度適用：有機(jī)溶劑的過濾，液體除菌過濾什么是有機(jī)溶劑有機(jī)溶劑是指一類由有機(jī)物為介質(zhì)的溶劑。有機(jī)溶劑是能溶解一些不溶于水的物質(zhì)它包括多類物質(zhì),如鏈烷烴、烯烴、醇、醛、胺、酯、醚、酮、芳香烴、氫化烴、萜烯烴、鹵代烴、雜環(huán)化物、含氮化合物及含硫化合物等等,多數(shù)對人體有一定毒性。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常應(yīng)用的有機(jī)溶劑約有百余種。如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、環(huán)己烷、環(huán)己酮、氯苯、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、汽油、煤油、甲醇、乙醇、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、丙酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二硫化碳等。有機(jī)溶劑的種類從19世紀(jì)40年代用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)以來,先進(jìn)工業(yè)有機(jī)溶劑的種類已達(dá)30000余種,其中最常用的約500種。除廣泛用于清洗、去污、稀釋和萃取等過程外,很多有機(jī)溶劑也作為中間體用于化學(xué)合成。常用的有機(jī)溶劑包括:①烴類:如脂肪烴、環(huán)烷烴、芳香烴和混合烴等;② 鹵代烴:如鹵代烷、鹵代烯;③ 醇類:如甲醇;④酮類:如丙酮;⑤醚類:如乙醚;⑥其他: 如二硫化碳。有機(jī)溶劑的特性(1)揮發(fā)性、可溶性和易燃性有機(jī)溶劑多具有揮發(fā)性,接觸途徑以吸人為主。脂溶性是有機(jī)溶劑的重要特性,進(jìn)入體內(nèi)易于神經(jīng)組織親和而具有麻醉作用;有機(jī)溶劑又具有水溶性, 故易經(jīng)皮膚進(jìn)入體內(nèi)。有機(jī)溶劑大多具有可燃性,如汽油、乙醇等,可用作染料;但有些則屬非可燃物而用作滅火劑。(2)化學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)按化學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)將有機(jī)溶劑分為若干類, 同類者毒性相似,如氯代烴類多具有肝臟毒性,醛類具有刺激性等。有機(jī)溶劑的基本化學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)為脂肪族、脂環(huán)族和芳香族;其功能團(tuán)包括鹵素、醇類、酮類、乙二醇類、酯類、羧酸類、胺類和酰胺類基團(tuán)。(3)吸收與分布揮發(fā)性有機(jī)溶劑經(jīng)呼吸道吸入后有40%～80%在肺內(nèi)滯留,體力勞動(dòng)時(shí), 經(jīng)肺攝入量增加2～3倍。有機(jī)溶劑多具脂溶性,攝入后分布于富含脂肪的組織, 包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、肝臟等; 由于血一組織膜屏蔽富含脂肪，有機(jī)溶劑也分布于血流充足的骨骼和肌肉組織;肥胖者接觸有機(jī)溶劑后,在體內(nèi)蓄積量增多, 排出慢。此外, 大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑可通過胎盤,亦可經(jīng)母乳排出,從而影響胎兒和乳兒健康。(4)生物轉(zhuǎn)化與排除不同個(gè)體的生物轉(zhuǎn)化能力有差異,機(jī)體對不同溶劑的代謝速率各異,有些可充分代謝,有些則幾乎不被代謝。生物轉(zhuǎn)化與有機(jī)溶劑的毒作用密切相關(guān)。有機(jī)溶劑主要以原形物經(jīng)呼出氣排出,少量以代謝物形式經(jīng)尿排出。多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑的生物半減期較短,一般從數(shù)分鐘至數(shù)天,故生物蓄積對大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑來說, 不是影響毒作用的重要因素。發(fā)布于 2020-09-18 14:31有機(jī)溶劑?贊同 4??添加評論?分享?喜歡?收藏?申請

有機(jī)微孔濾膜_百度百科

濾膜_百度百科 網(wǎng)頁新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫資訊采購百科百度首頁登錄注冊進(jìn)入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁秒懂百科特色百科知識專題加入百科百科團(tuán)隊(duì)權(quán)威合作下載百科APP個(gè)人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10有機(jī)微孔濾膜播報(bào)討論上傳視頻高分子聚合物在特殊工藝條件下制成的篩網(wǎng)型精密濾材本詞條缺少概述圖，補(bǔ)充相關(guān)內(nèi)容使詞條更完整，還能快速升級，趕緊來編輯吧！有機(jī)溶劑微孔濾膜為高分子聚合物在特殊工藝條件下制成的一種耐各種有機(jī)溶劑的篩網(wǎng)型精密濾材，它可以在液相、氣相中分離、凈化、富集微粒、異物、飄塵、氣溶膠，廣泛應(yīng)用醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、生物化學(xué)、微電子工業(yè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)等部門。中文名有機(jī)微孔濾膜適用領(lǐng)域醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、生物化學(xué)、微電子工業(yè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)等部門目錄1產(chǎn)品性能2產(chǎn)品規(guī)格3使用說明產(chǎn)品性能播報(bào)編輯1、產(chǎn)品化學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定，適應(yīng)范圍廣。將濾膜在室溫下使用，下列化學(xué)浸泡72小時(shí)后，檢查外觀不發(fā)生膨脹、溶解、變形、破壞或變質(zhì)。（1）酸類：1%硝酸、1%硫酸、1%鹽酸、20%磷酸、25%醋酸、4—氨基水楊酸。（2）堿類：50%氫氧化鈉、75%醋酸鉀、25%氫酸三甲。（3）醇類：甲醇、乙醇、正乙醇、甘油、十二烷基醇。（4）酯類：醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯、醋酸丁酯、醋酸戊酯、肉豆菀酸異丙酯、甲基縮乙二醇醋酸酯、磷酸二苯基甲苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯。（5）酮類：丙酮、環(huán)已酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丙基酮、甲基丙基酮。（6）碳?xì)浠衔铮盒缤?、已烷、苯、甲苯、煤油、汽油、十氫萘。?）鹵代烴類：三氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、過氯乙烯、一氯化苯、三氯化苯、四氫化苯。（8）有機(jī)含氧化物：乙醚、四氯呋喃、二氧七環(huán)已烷、二氧六環(huán)。（9）油類：花生油、蓖麻油、有機(jī)硅油。（10）其它：氨基芐青莓素鈉（鉀）液、先鋒霉素液、霉素蠟酸丁酯二次提取液、噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃料、顯影劑、光致抗蝕劑、氟里昂、93%二甲基甲酰胺。2.ZN型濾膜在25℃時(shí)，按實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過濾膜與溶劑比的5000倍，醇類、酯類、酮類等有機(jī)溶劑和30%氫氧化鈉溶液中，有型濾膜在有機(jī)溶劑和強(qiáng)堿性溶液中物化性能穩(wěn)定。3.產(chǎn)品化學(xué)毒性和生物毒性合格。（注：強(qiáng)度不作檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）產(chǎn)品規(guī)格播報(bào)編輯成品尺寸：可切成方形或圓形。使用說明播報(bào)編輯ZN型濾膜使用前可用下列方法滅菌：（1）121℃蒸汽熱壓消毒30分鐘，再用乙醇浸泡濕潤。（2）用2.5Mradr-射線或紫外線照射滅菌，再用乙醇浸泡濕潤。（3）90%氧化乙烯+10%二氧化碳，在壓力1Kg/cm，劑量800克/ms處理4小時(shí)，再用乙醇浸泡濕潤。（4）用3%甲醇溶液浸泡24小時(shí)，隨后用孔徑0.45um的濾過蒸餾水洗滌，再用乙醇浸泡濕潤。3.產(chǎn)品正常使用溫度≤120℃。4.產(chǎn)品具有較強(qiáng)的靜電荷，能在空氣中吸附灰塵，不使用時(shí)應(yīng)包好，放于干燥清潔處。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2024?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備110000020000

Filter Membranes

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Membrane Filter Characteristics? ? ?

Filter Membrane Types

ProductsProduct CategoryDiameter (mm)HydrophobicityManufacturerMembrane MaterialSterilityPore size (μm)BrandSort by RelevanceShowing 1-20 of 61Page 1 of 4Page 1 of 4Filter & SortShowing 1-20 of 61CompareProduct NumberProduct NameProduct DescriptionPricingZ290793Nylon filter membranespore size 0.45?μm, diam. 47?mm, pack of 100ExpandView PricingZ290807Nylon filter membranespore size 0.22?μm, diam. 47?mm, pack of 100ExpandView PricingZ290823Nylon filter membranespore size 0.2?μm, diam. 25?mmExpandView PricingCLS3950Pyrex? fiber glass woolborosilicate glass fiber (BGF), pore size 8?μmExpandView PricingZ290815Nylon filter membranespore size 0.45?μm, diam. 25?mmExpandView PricingJGWP09025PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.2 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingZ623040Sterlitech silver metal membranespore size 0.45?μm, diam. 13?mmExpandView PricingWHA111103Whatman? Nuclepore? Track-Etched Membranesdiam. 47?mm, pore size 0.050?μm, polycarbonateExpandView PricingJHWP02500PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.45 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingZ290785Nylon filter membranespore size 0.45?μm, diam. 90?mmExpandView PricingWHA800307Whatman? Nuclepore? Track-Etched Membranesdiam. 19?mm, pore size 0.03?μm, polycarbonateExpandView PricingJCWP02500PTFE Membrane Filter, 10.0 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingAAWG0250CMCE Membrane Filter, 0.8 μm Pore SizeMF-Millipore?, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilic, white, gridded, 150?μg/cm2 binding capacity (protein)ExpandView PricingJGWP14225PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.2 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 142?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingWHA150446Whatman? Nuclepore? Track-Etched Membranesdiam. 13?mm, pore size 8.0?μm, polycarbonate - PVP freeExpandView PricingSVWG04700PVDF Membrane Filter, 5.0 μm Pore SizeDurapore?, filter diam. 47?mm, hydrophilic, white, griddedExpandView PricingTSTP14250Polycarbonate Membrane Filter, 3.0 μm Pore SizeIsopore?, filter diam. 142?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingFALP09050PTFE Membrane Filter, 1.0 μm Pore SizeFluoropore?, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingFSLW09025PTFE Membrane Filter, 3.0 μm Pore SizeFluoropore?, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingWHA111101Whatman? Nuclepore? Track-Etched Membranesdiam. 47?mm, pore size 0.015?μm, polycarbonateExpandView PricingPage 1 of 4Page 1 of 4 MEMBRANE FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

Chemical compatibility: The filter material must be compatible with the chemical nature of both the liquid and dissolved solutes being filtered to avoid structural failure.

Wettability: Hydrophilic membranes are easily wet with water and are preferred for filtering aqueous solutions. Hydrophobic membranes are recommended for gas filtration, low surface tension solvents, and venting, and can be wet in organic solvents such as methanol, allowing both aqueous liquids and organic solvents to pass through.

Pore Size: Pore size provides an indication of largest pore diameter and can be related to the membrane’s ability to filter out particles of a certain size.

0.1 μm: mycoplasma removal

o 0.20 to 0.22 μm: filter sterilization and ultracleaning of aqueous solutions and organic solvents (e.g., HPLC)

0.45 μm: clarification of aqueous solutions and organic solvents

0.8 μm: coarse particulate removal and removal of bacteria

100 μm: removal of sand, activated carbon, bead resins

Diameter: The diameter, size, and shape of the filter are selected based on the apparatus used for filtration. Disc filters, syringe filters, extractors, and bottle top filtration devices have specified diameters for membrane filters.

Flow rate: Defined as the time required for the flow stream to pass through the filter, flow rate is critical in determining how rapidly a filtration can be completed. Membrane material, thickness, porosity, and pore architecture can all lead to differences in flow rate.

Optical properties: When visually analyzing retentates, membrane optical properties must be compatible with the imaging method in order to provide a consistent background and reduce noise.

Color: Filter color selection can provide appropriate contrast for easy and reliable identification and quantitation. Black filters provide distinction between light colored particles and microorganisms. White filters provide distinction between blue, red, and darker microbes and particulates. Green filters offer a background for viewing black, white, and colorless particles.

Binders: Commonly used in non-woven, fiber-based materials, binders provide shape and strength to the final product.

Organic binders provide higher wet strength and lower fiber release for high pressure filtration.

Inorganic binders impart high thermal and chemical stability and inertness to microbiological degradation compared to organic binders.

Cellulose acetate membranes are ideal for biological and clinical analysis, sterility tests, and scintillation measurements. They exhibit very low protein binding affinity and are recommended for low protein binding applications. Solvent- and heat-resistant up to 180 oC, these membrnaes are suitable for the filtration of either aqueous cell culture and alcoholic media.

Cellulose nitrate membranes are recommended for general filtration applications including buffer filtration and feature low extractable levels and a narrow pore size distribution. While nitrocellulose is often considered to be brittle and thermally instable, these filters offer increased strength and flexibility as well as thermal stability up to 121 °C, allowing them to be autoclaved without shrinkage or integrity loss. Cellulose nitrate membrane filters feature high protein binding, which may result in sample loss when filtering biological samples.

Mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane filters?are composed of both cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate and are biologically inert, low binding, and thermally stable with a high loading capacity, making them an ideal choice for a variety of filtration applications including aqueous solution clarification, particle counting, HPLC sample filtration, and microbial analysis. For applications requiring manual particulate or colony counting, a gridded surface and color contrast facilitates particle detection and minimizes eye fatigue.

Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes?are known for their thermal stability, durability, and resistance to acidic and alkaline solutions. Millipore Express? PLUS hydrophilic polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are commonly used as an alternative to cellulose membranes and offer fast flow, high filter capacity, and low protein binding while remaining bacterially retentive.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes?have high strength and broad chemical compatibility, and are commonly used to clarify aqueous solutions, organic solvents, corrosives, and aggressive fluids. Hydrophilic PTFE membranes are typically used in filtering aqueous solutions, while hydrophobic PTFE membranes are typically used for filtering organic solvents and gases as well as particle monitoring.

Nylon?and?polyamide membranes?offer broad compatibility, strength, flexibility, and hydrophilicity with low extractables, and are routinely used for the filtration of aqueous and organic solutions for use in HPLC and other analytical methods. They can exhibit high protein and small molecule binding and are not recommended for biological samples.

PVDF membranes?are utilized in a variety of biomedical research applications. Available in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic formats, Durapore? membrane filters provide high flow rates and throughput, low extractables, and broad chemical compatibility. Hydrophilic Durapore? membranes exhibit very low protein binding and are used to filter protein solutions. Conversely, hydrophobic Durapore? membranes exhibit high protein binding.

Regenerated cellulose membranes?are hydrophilic, spontaneously wet in water, and feature strong chemical resistance for filtering both aqueous and organic solutions. They are commonly used for filtering HPLC solvents and solutions. Regenerated cellulose membrane filters can be sterilized and have low protein binding and extractables, enabling their use with biological samples.

Polycarbonate membrane filters?are produced from a smooth, glass-like polycarbonate film and are recommended for all analyses in which the sample is?viewed on the surface of the membrane, such as optical or electron microscopy. The unique membrane manufacturing process (track-etching) ensures a precise and consistent pore diameter for accurate sample separation by size. These membrane filters are commonly used in trace element and particulate analysis, gravimetric analysis, water analysis, and general filtration.

Polypropylene membrane and net filters?feature both solvent-compatibility and thermal stability. These filters are ideally suited for general solution clarification and prefiltration applications, including bioburden reduction. Millipore? polypropylene membrane and net filters provide high particle retention and dirt holding capacity, as well as a low pressure drop. While these filters are designed for use with organic solvents, they can also be used for the filtration of aqueous solutions, after wetting with an alcohol.

Polyvinylidene chloride (PVC) filters are preferentially used with gravimetric analysis to quantify silica, carbon black, or quartz air particulates. Millipore? PVC membrane filters are produced from high-quality PVC and have been developed for use with ASTM, NIOSH, and OSHA air monitoring methods.

Alumina oxide membrane filters are non-toxic and compatible with most solvents and aqueous solutions. The precise, nondeformable, honeycomb pore structure eliminates lateral crossover between pores, ensuring exact filter cut-offs and a narrow pore size distribution. These membrane filters exhibit low protein binding, have minimal autofluorescence, become virtually transparent when wet, and support cellular growth. Whatman? Anodisc? membrane filters are available with a bonded polypropylene support ring to allow for easier handling

Glass fiber filters are produced from borosilicate glass fibers and are typically used as depth filters in prefiltration of large particulate or viscous solutions. The addition of binders can improve the wet strength for filtering heavily contaminated solutions but renders the filter unsuitable for gravimetric analysis or hot gas filtration due to mass loss upon heating. Glass fiber filters without a binder resin can be heated up to 500 °C without mass loss.

Quartz fiber filters are manufactured from pure quartz fibers, preventing any surface filter reaction with acidic gases. Due to their inertness, quartz fiber filters are well suited for measuring heavy metal concentrations and small particle quantities. Quartz fiber filters also exhibit good weight and form stability and are commonly used in air sampling and trace element analysis.

Silver membrane filters are ideal for applications involving aggressive fluids and/or high temperatures and are specified in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards for the analysis of crystalline and amorphous silica, lead sulfide, boron carbide, and chrysotile asbestos.

FILTER MEMBRANE TYPES

Alumina oxide membrane filters?are non-toxic and compatible with most solvents and aqueous solutions. The precise, nondeformable, honeycomb pore structure eliminates lateral crossover between pores, ensuring exact filter cut-offs and a narrow pore size distribution. These membrane filters exhibit low protein binding, have minimal autofluorescence, become virtually transparent when wet, and support cellular growth. Whatman? Anodisc? membrane filters are available with a bonded polypropylene support ring to allow for easier handling.**

Cellulose acetate membranes?are ideal for biological and clinical analysis, sterility tests, and scintillation measurements. They exhibit very low protein binding affinity and are recommended for low protein binding applications. Solvent- and heat-resistant up to 180 oC, these membranes are suitable for the filtration of either aqueous cell culture and alcoholic media.

Cellulose nitrate membranes?are recommended for general filtration applications including buffer filtration and feature low extractable levels and a narrow pore size distribution. While nitrocellulose is often considered to be brittle and thermally instable, these filters offer increased strength and flexibility as well as thermal stability up to 121 °C, allowing them to be autoclaved without shrinkage or?integrity loss. Cellulose nitrate membrane filters feature high protein binding, which may result in sample loss when filtering biological samples.

Glass fiber filters?are produced from borosilicate glass fibers and are typically used as depth filters in the prefiltration of large particulate or viscous solutions. The addition of binders can improve the wet strength for filtering heavily contaminated solutions but renders the filter unsuitable for gravimetric analysis or hot gas filtration due to mass loss upon heating. Glass fiber filters without a binder resin can be heated up to 500 °C without mass loss.**

Mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane filters?are composed of both cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate and are biologically inert, low binding, and thermally stable with a high loading capacity, making them an ideal choice for a variety of filtration applications including aqueous solution clarification, particle counting, HPLC sample filtration, and microbial analysis. For applications requiring manual particulate or colony counting, a gridded surface and color contrast facilitates particle detection and minimizes eye fatigue.

Nylon and polyamide membranes?offer broad compatibility, strength, flexibility, and hydrophilicity with low extractables, and are routinely used for the filtration of aqueous and organic solutions for use in HPLC and other analytical methods. They can exhibit high protein and small molecule binding and are not recommended for biological samples.

Polycarbonate membrane filters?are produced from a smooth, glass-like polycarbonate film and are recommended for all analyses in which the sample is?viewed on the surface of the membrane, such as optical or electron microscopy. The unique membrane manufacturing process (track-etching) ensures a precise and consistent pore diameter for accurate sample separation by size.?These membrane filters are commonly used in trace element and particulate analysis, gravimetric analysis, water analysis, and general filtration.**

Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes?are known for their thermal stability, durability, and resistance to acidic and alkaline solutions. Millipore Express? PLUS hydrophilic polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are commonly used as an alternative to cellulose membranes and offer fast flow, high filter capacity, and low protein binding while remaining bacterially retentive.

Polypropylene membrane and net filters?feature both solvent-compatibility and thermal stability. These filters are ideally suited for general solution clarification and prefiltration applications, including bioburden reduction. Millipore? polypropylene membrane and net filters provide high particle retention and dirt holding capacity, as well as a low pressure drop. While these filters are designed for use with organic solvents, they can also be used for the filtration of aqueous solutions, after wetting with an alcohol.**

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes?have high strength and broad chemical compatibility, and are commonly used to clarify aqueous solutions, organic solvents, corrosives, and aggressive fluids. Hydrophilic PTFE membranes are typically used in filtering aqueous solutions, while hydrophobic PTFE membranes are typically used for filtering organic solvents and gases as well as particle monitoring.

Polyvinylidene chloride (PVC) filters?are preferentially used with gravimetric analysis to quantify silica, carbon black, or quartz air particulates. Millipore? PVC membrane filters are produced from high-quality PVC and have been developed for use with ASTM, NIOSH, and OSHA air monitoring methods.**

PVDF membranes?are utilized in a variety of biomedical research applications. Available in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic formats, Durapore? membrane filters provide high flow rates and throughput, low extractables, and broad chemical compatibility. Hydrophilic Durapore? membranes exhibit very low protein binding and are used to filter protein solutions. Conversely, hydrophobic Durapore? membranes exhibit high protein binding.

Quartz fiber filters?are manufactured from pure quartz fibers, preventing any surface filter reaction with acidic gases. Due to their inertness, quartz fiber filters are well suited for measuring heavy metal concentrations and small particle quantities. Quartz fiber filters also exhibit good?weight and form stability and are commonly used in air sampling and trace element analysis.**

Regenerated cellulose membranes?are hydrophilic, spontaneously wet in water, and feature strong chemical resistance for filtering both aqueous and organic solutions. They are commonly used for filtering HPLC solvents and solutions. Regenerated cellulose membrane filters can be sterilized and have low protein binding and extractables,?enabling their use with biological samples.

Silver membrane filters?are ideal for applications involving aggressive fluids and/or high temperatures and are specified in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards for the analysis of crystalline and amorphous silica, lead sulfide, boron carbide, and chrysotile asbestos.

Related Product Resources

Catalog: Filters and Supporting Hardware

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Millipore? Filter Membranes

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Membrane Filter Characteristics

Prefiltration and Depth Filters

Filter Membrane Types

?

NEED HELP FINDING THE CORRECT MEMBRANE FILTER FOR YOUR APPLICATION?

Use our?Membrane Learning Center tool?to view and compare membranes by pore size, chemical compatibility, flow rate, extractables and more.

ProductsProduct CategoryColorAgencyDiameter (mm)HydrophobicityMembrane MaterialPore size (μm)BrandSort by RelevanceShowing 1-20 of 35Page 1 of 2Page 1 of 2Filter & SortShowing 1-20 of 35CompareProduct NumberProduct NameProduct DescriptionPricing58188Cellulose Filter Membranepore size 0.22?μm, diam. 47?mm, pkg of 100ExpandView PricingZ358657Filter membranes, nitrocelluloseMF membrane, pore size 0.22?μm, diam. 293?mmExpandView PricingZ368024Cellulose acetate membranedialyser capacity 500-1,500?μL, MWCO 500?Da, diam. 16?mmExpandView PricingZ355534Filter membranes for microbiological analysispore size 0.45?μm (HA), S-Pak, White with black grid surfaceExpandView PricingZ355542Filter membranes for microbiological analysispore size 0.45?μm (HA), S-Pak, Black with white grid surfaceExpandView PricingJGWP09025PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.2 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingJHWP02500PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.45 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingJCWP02500PTFE Membrane Filter, 10.0 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingAAWG0250CMCE Membrane Filter, 0.8 μm Pore SizeMF-Millipore?, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilic, white, gridded, 150?μg/cm2 binding capacity (protein)ExpandView PricingJGWP14225PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.2 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 142?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingSVWG04700PVDF Membrane Filter, 5.0 μm Pore SizeDurapore?, filter diam. 47?mm, hydrophilic, white, griddedExpandView PricingTSTP14250Polycarbonate Membrane Filter, 3.0 μm Pore SizeIsopore?, filter diam. 142?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingFALP09050PTFE Membrane Filter, 1.0 μm Pore SizeFluoropore?, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingFSLW09025PTFE Membrane Filter, 3.0 μm Pore SizeFluoropore?, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingJAWP02500PTFE Membrane Filter, 1.0 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 25?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingJCWP01300PTFE Membrane Filter, 10.0 μm Pore SizeOmnipore, filter diam. 13?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingPP4509030Polypropylene Membrane Filter, 45.0 μm Pore SizeMillipore, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingPVC504700PVC Membrane Filter, 5.0 μm Pore SizeMillipore, filter diam. 47?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingAPFB03700Glass Fiber Membrane Filter, 1.0 μm Pore SizeMillipore, filter diam. 37?mm, hydrophilicExpandView PricingFHLP09050PTFE Membrane Filter, 0.45 μm Pore SizeFluoropore?, filter diam. 90?mm, hydrophobicExpandView PricingPage 1 of 2Page 1 of 2Custom Order Request Membrane Filter Characteristics

Chemical Compatibility: The filter material must be compatible with the chemical nature of the substance being filtered to avoid structural failure. It is important to consider both the compatibility of liquid samples and dissolved solutes that can interact with the membrane.

Wettability: For liquid filtration, the membrane must be wettable with the fluid being filtered. Hydrophilic membranes are easily wet with water and are preferred for filtering aqueous solutions. Hydrophobic membranes are recommended for gas filtration, low surface tension solvents, and venting, and can be wet in organic solvents such as methanol, allowing filtration of both aqueous liquids and organic solvents.

Pore Size: Pore size provides an indication of the largest pore diameter and can be related to the membrane’s ability to filter out particles of a certain size. Bubble point and bacterial retention testing are two commonly used methods for measuring pore size.

Diameter: The diameter, size, and shape of the filter are selected based on the apparatus used for filtration or sample collection.

Flow Rate: Defined as the time required for the flow stream to pass through the filter, flow rate may be measured for air or liquid. Flow rate generally decreases with smaller pore size, but altering membrane material, thickness, porosity, and pore architecture can lead to differences in flow rate.

Analyte Binding: Analyte binding refers to the loss of analytes during filtration, resulting in a filtrate with a different molecular composition than expected. Membranes with limited functionality (e.g. PVDF, PTFE) show very low analyte binding, whereas membranes with higher functionality (e.g. nylon, MCE) show a high level of analyte binding)

Optical Properties: When visually analyzing retentates, membrane optical properties must be compatible with the imaging method, such that the membrane provides a consistent background over the entire sample surface and does not impart additional noise during testing.

Extractables: Extractables are contaminants present in the final filtrate that originate in the filter or device. Filter extractables occur as three different types: shedding of filter materials or particulate extractables, residual chemicals from the manufacturing process, and surface modification chemistries washing off the filter. The presence of extractables can also be related to the chemical compatibility of the membrane with the solution being filtered. Generally, if a membrane is not chemically compatible with the solution, a higher level of extractables is observed in the filtrate.

Retentiveness: Retentiveness is the ability of a membrane to retain the particle or molecule of interest.?

Prefiltration and Depth Filters

Prefiltration: Prefiltration utilizes large pore membrane filters to remove large particulates, such as dirt or sediment, from samples prior to filtration with a smaller pore membrane filter. Using prefiltration in sample preparation can prevent premature filter clogging or fouling.

Depth filters: Depth filters retain particles internally rather than on the filter surface. Due to their high particle retention capacity, depth filters are frequently used for prefiltration.

Binders: Commonly used in non-woven, fiber-based materials, binders provide shape and strength to the final product. While binders are routinely used in glass fiber filters, these additives reduce thermal stability and can result in sample contamination by extractables.

Net Filters: With large and uniform pores, the net-like structure of net filters is used to remove large particulates (e.g. cells, proteins, dirt) for solution clarification of particulate analysis.

Filter Membrane Types

Reinforced cellulose membranes (RW filters)?are rigid screen filters. Their rigidity, high-capacity, and low pressure drop make RW filters ideal for the removal of contaminants from heavily contaminated liquids and gasses, particularly for prefiltration.

Cellulose support pads?are used to reinforce filters in monitors for contamination analysis, specifically during high pressure or fast flow conditions. When saturated with growth medium, they can also be used for microorganism culture. Woven mesh spacers are placed between filters during serial filtration to prevent the downstream screen filter from “blinding” the upstream filter pores, increasing flow rate and throughput.

Glass fiber filters?are produced from borosilicate glass fibers and are typically used to filter large particles or viscous solutions. In addition to a wide variety of flow rates and capacities, we also offer filters both with and without binder resin. While the addition of binder resin improves the wet strength for filtering heavily contaminated solutions, the resin renders the filter unsuitable for gravimetric analysis or hot gas filtration due to mass loss upon heating. Glass fiber filters without a binder resin can be heated up to 500 °C without mass loss.

MF-Millipore? mixed cellulose esters (MCE)?membrane filter discs,?produced from biologically inert cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, are a versatile choice for biological, analytical, and environmental monitoring as well as research applications. With a consistent thickness, uniform pore structure, and smoother surface than pure nitrocellulose membranes, hydrophilic MF-Millipore? membranes are available in a variety of pore sizes, colors, surfaces, and diameters. MFMillipore? membranes without Triton??surfactant contain minimum amounts of wetting agent and have a lower water extractable content than standard MF-Millipore? filters.

Nylon membranes?and?net filters?**?are made from the same material but utilize two different processing methods. Due to this difference, nylon net filters possess a uniform, large pore structure (similar to a mesh), a pore size ≥5.0 μm, and a reduced thickness in comparison to nylon membrane filters.

Isopore? polycarbonate?membrane filters?offer well-defined pores and a smooth transparent surface ideal for use with optical or electron microscopy.

Millipore Express??PLUS polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filters?are commonly used as an alternative to cellulose membranes and are known for their thermal stability, durability and resistance to acidic and alkaline solutions. Millipore Express??PLUS PES membranes offer fast flow, high filter capacity and low protein binding, while remaining bacterially retentive. The unique asymmetric structure of Millipore Express??PLUS membranes extends filtration capacity and lifetime, allowing them to tolerate higher particle loads and protein concentrations.

Millipore??polypropylene?membranes?and?net filters?feature both solvent-compatibility and thermal stability. Constructed from pristine polypropylene material, these filters are ideally suited for general solution clarification and prefiltration applications, including bioburden reduction. Millipore??polypropylene membrane and net filters provide high particle retention and dirt holding capacity, as well as a low pressure drop.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)?**?is a chemical-resistant, flexible, thermally resistant, non-adherent, high-strength fluoropolymer produced from the free-radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. Due to its strength and broad chemical compatibility, PTFE is commonly used in membrane filters. While PTFE is known for its high strength, the addition of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) backing offers improved filter handling characteristics. Hydrophilic LCR and Omnipore? PTFE membranes are typically used for filtering aqueous solutions. Both Fluoropore? hydrophobic PTFE and Mitex? hydrophobic PTFE membranes can be used for filtering organic solvents and gases. Fluoropore? membranes and PTFE for PM2.5 are also used for particle monitoring.

Millipore??polyvinylidene?chloride (PVC) membranes, due to their low weight and low water adsorption, are preferentially used with gravimetric analysis to quantify silica, carbon black, or quartz air particulates. Millipore??PVC membrane filters are produced from high-quality PVC and have been developed for use with ASTM, NIOSH, and OSHA air monitoring methods.

Durapore??polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filter membranes, available in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic formats, provide high flow rates and throughput, low extractables and broad chemical compatibility. Due to their solvent and heat resistance, Durapore??PVDF membranes are utilized in a variety of biomedical research applications. Hydrophilic Durapore??membranes exhibit very low protein binding as compared to nylon, nitrocellulose or PTFE membranes. Hydrophobic Durapore??filter membranes exhibit high protein binding.

Quartz fiber filters?are manufactured from pure quartz fibers, preventing any surface filter reaction with acidic gases. Due to their inertness, quartz fiber filters are well suited for measuring heavy metal concentrations and small particle quantities. Quartz fiber filters also exhibit good weight and form stability.

Silver membrane filters, made from pure silver, are highly resistant to thermal stress and aggressive chemicals, while providing a low background for sensitive X-ray diffraction analysis. Silver membranes are specified in many standardized air monitoring methods from government organizations (e.g., NIOSH, OSHA) for monitoring carbon black, coal tar products, coke oven emissions, and silica.

Strat-M??membrane?is a synthetic, non-animal based model for transdermal diffusion testing that is predictive of diffusion in human skin without lot-to-lot variability, safety or storage limitations.

Related Product Resources

User Guide:?Chemical Compatibility of Filter Components

Brochure:?Experience the Unmatched Predictability of Strat-M Membrane

Data Sheet:?AD030 Air and Fluid Particle Monitoring Guide

Article:?AD030 Particle Monitoring Guide – Analysis Techniques – Microscope-Based Techniques

Article:?Millipore? Patch Test Kit: Field-Based Sampling and Contamination Analysis

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Catalog:?Filters and Supporting Hardware

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Chem Soc Rev：有機(jī)分子篩膜用于化學(xué)分離- X-MOL資訊

Chem Soc Rev：有機(jī)分子篩膜用于化學(xué)分離- X-MOL資訊

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當(dāng)前位置 ： X-MOL首頁 ? 行業(yè)資訊 ? Chem Soc Rev：有機(jī)分子篩膜用于化學(xué)分離

Chem Soc Rev：有機(jī)分子篩膜用于化學(xué)分離

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作者：X-MOL????

2021-03-22

膜技術(shù)是解決人類面臨的能源、資源、環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級轉(zhuǎn)型等領(lǐng)域重大挑戰(zhàn)的共性技術(shù)之一。分子級別的分離，如二氧化碳捕集、烯烴/烷烴分離、共沸物分離，因其亞納米混合物組成、埃級尺寸差異、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)相似等特性，已成為膜領(lǐng)域的重要發(fā)展方向與公認(rèn)難題。原則上，所有用于分子分離過程的膜均可稱為分子篩分膜。近年來，隨著筑網(wǎng)化學(xué)等平臺化學(xué)的出現(xiàn)，新興微孔有機(jī)材料（如固有孔高分子、多孔有機(jī)籠、共價(jià)有機(jī)框架、多孔芳香框架等），在分子分離領(lǐng)域展示出非凡前景。新興微孔有機(jī)材料作為膜構(gòu)筑單元具有以下優(yōu)勢：（1）具有剛性、易裁剪的周期性網(wǎng)絡(luò)或框架結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）可依據(jù)分子尺寸、反應(yīng)活性等理化性質(zhì)差異進(jìn)行分離，不受trade-off效應(yīng)制約；（3）具有良好的應(yīng)用穩(wěn)定性，理論上可抵御應(yīng)用過程中膜結(jié)構(gòu)的不利演變。近日，天津大學(xué)化工學(xué)院姜忠義教授（點(diǎn)擊查看介紹）團(tuán)隊(duì)在國際學(xué)術(shù)期刊Chemical Society Reviews（IF=42.8）發(fā)表了題為“Organic molecular sieve membranes for chemical separations”的長篇綜述論文。首次提出了有機(jī)分子篩膜（Organic Molecular Sieve Membranes, OMSMs）的全新概念，并結(jié)合有機(jī)分子篩膜的共性、個(gè)性和應(yīng)用需求，凝練出“STEM”（剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)、尺寸可控、親疏平衡、活性適中）核心導(dǎo)則，用于指導(dǎo)有機(jī)分子篩膜的全鏈條設(shè)計(jì)和貫通式研究（圖1）。圖1. STEM導(dǎo)則下的有機(jī)分子篩膜結(jié)構(gòu)精密構(gòu)筑和高效過程強(qiáng)化該綜述聚焦全鏈條設(shè)計(jì)和貫通式研究，系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了近期有機(jī)分子篩膜的研究進(jìn)展，主要包括：（1）基于成鍵作用強(qiáng)度，從筑網(wǎng)化學(xué)、點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)、超分子化學(xué)和模塊化學(xué)等方面闡述了平臺化學(xué)在有機(jī)分子篩膜結(jié)構(gòu)精密構(gòu)筑過程的應(yīng)用；（2）從有機(jī)分子篩膜的主體結(jié)構(gòu)、通道結(jié)構(gòu)和表面結(jié)構(gòu)對多級結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)筑過程的設(shè)計(jì)原則進(jìn)行了分析；（3）基于成膜過程中作用力類型，從物理、化學(xué)兩個(gè)角度系統(tǒng)介紹了有機(jī)分子篩膜的組裝方法，并分析比較了不同方法的優(yōu)勢與局限性；（4）重點(diǎn)分析了膜與目標(biāo)分子相互作用、傳統(tǒng)傳質(zhì)機(jī)制及新興傳質(zhì)機(jī)制；（5）根據(jù)組分相態(tài)，將有機(jī)分子篩膜的分離應(yīng)用分為氣體分子混合物分離和液體分子混合物分離，總結(jié)了有機(jī)分子篩膜在分子分離領(lǐng)域的代表性應(yīng)用，并討論了目前存在的主要挑戰(zhàn)；（6）依據(jù)全鏈條設(shè)計(jì)和貫通式研究原則，從平臺化學(xué)、可裁剪性、規(guī)整性、多孔性、成膜性、完整性、穩(wěn)定性、傳質(zhì)機(jī)制、滲透性-選擇性、可放大性等八個(gè)層面，分析、比較了不同種類分子篩膜的共性和個(gè)性。最后，該綜述圍繞“膜結(jié)構(gòu)精密構(gòu)筑”與“膜高效過程強(qiáng)化”兩大區(qū)塊，從材料基因組學(xué)與人工智能、結(jié)晶性調(diào)控、膜孔道精密構(gòu)筑與調(diào)控、生物啟發(fā)下的限域傳質(zhì)、膜放大制備與穩(wěn)定性、應(yīng)用體系拓展等層面對有機(jī)分子篩膜進(jìn)行了前瞻分析，明確指出，有機(jī)分子篩膜以其化學(xué)多樣性、通道規(guī)整性、結(jié)構(gòu)可設(shè)計(jì)性及良好的應(yīng)用穩(wěn)定性將成為新一代的分子分離膜材料，有機(jī)分子篩膜的研究開發(fā)將成為膜領(lǐng)域的前沿和熱點(diǎn)。天津大學(xué)為本論文第一單位，論文第一作者為天津大學(xué)王洪建博士研究生和王梅迪博士研究生，通訊作者為天津大學(xué)姜忠義教授。相關(guān)研究獲得國家自然科學(xué)基金和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃等項(xiàng)目支持。原文（掃描或長按二維碼，識別后直達(dá)原文頁面，或點(diǎn)此查看原文）：Organic molecular sieve membranes for chemical separationsHongjian Wang, Meidi Wang, Xu Liang, Jinqiu Yuan, Hao Yang, Shaoyu Wang, Yanxiong Ren, Hong Wu, Fusheng Pan, Zhongyi Jiang*Chem. Soc. Rev.,?2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01347a通訊作者簡介姜忠義，天津大學(xué)化工學(xué)院教授。長江學(xué)者講座教授，國家杰出青年基金獲得者，國家“萬人計(jì)劃”科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)軍人才，新世紀(jì)百千萬人才國家級人選，享受政府特殊津貼人員，侯德榜化工科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)獲得者，天津市優(yōu)秀科技工作者標(biāo)兵，天津市杰出津門學(xué)者，英國皇家化學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)士。國家科技部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人，國家基金委創(chuàng)新群體學(xué)術(shù)骨干。國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目首席科學(xué)家。長期從事仿生與生物啟發(fā)下的膜和膜過程研究。負(fù)責(zé)承擔(dān)了國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目、國家863重大項(xiàng)目課題、國家基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目、國家基金重大項(xiàng)目課題、國家基金國際合作項(xiàng)目，中石油、中石化、中海油委托項(xiàng)目等科研項(xiàng)目。發(fā)表SCI論文500余篇，論文被SCI他引21,000 余次，H因子81。作為第一完成人獲省部級科技獎(jiǎng)一等獎(jiǎng)四項(xiàng)。任Journal of Membrane Science，Green Chemical Engineering，膜科學(xué)與技術(shù)、化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)、化工進(jìn)展等期刊編委。連續(xù)入選中國高被引學(xué)者（化學(xué)工程）榜單，并入選全球高被引學(xué)者（化學(xué)工程）榜單。姜忠義https://www.x-mol.com/university/faculty/13315?課題組網(wǎng)址http://www.jiang-lab.com/?

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Recent progress of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes,Progress in Polymer Science - X-MOL

Recent progress of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes,Progress in Polymer Science - X-MOL

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Recent progress of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes

Progress in Polymer Science

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Pub Date?:?2021-10-07

, DOI:

10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101470

Gui Min Shi, Yingnan Feng, Bofan Li, Hui Min Tham, Juin-Yih Lai, Tai-Shung Chung

Solvent separations present one of the largest opportunities for membrane technologies. Currently, industries use millions of tons of solvents for the manufacture of drugs, oils and chemicals. Multiple separations and purifications must be conducted in order to purify the products from the solvents. However, the existing separation processes are energy-intensive. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) or solvent-resistant nanofiltration has emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to the existing processes. We have summarized the recent advances in the fabrication of state-of-the-art polymeric membranes including integrally skinned asymmetric membranes, thin film composite membranes and nanocomposite membranes in this review. The separation performances of OSN membranes continue to push the boundary in terms of high solvent permeances and rejections to various solutes. The advancements have been achieved through novel membrane materials and innovative fabrication methods. We have also discussed the future outlook of OSN processes and pointed out the potential areas for further research exploration.

中文翻譯：

有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜的最新進(jìn)展

溶劑分離是膜技術(shù)的最大機(jī)遇之一。目前，工業(yè)使用數(shù)百萬噸的溶劑來制造藥物、油和化學(xué)品。為了從溶劑中純化產(chǎn)物，必須進(jìn)行多次分離和純化。然而，現(xiàn)有的分離過程是能源密集型的。有機(jī)溶劑納濾 (OSN) 或耐溶劑納濾已成為現(xiàn)有工藝的節(jié)能替代品。在這篇綜述中，我們總結(jié)了制造最先進(jìn)聚合物膜的最新進(jìn)展，包括整體蒙皮不對稱膜、薄膜復(fù)合膜和納米復(fù)合膜。OSN 膜的分離性能在高溶劑滲透性和對各種溶質(zhì)的截留率方面繼續(xù)突破界限。這些進(jìn)步是通過新型膜材料和創(chuàng)新制造方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。我們還討論了 OSN 過程的未來前景，并指出了進(jìn)一步研究探索的潛在領(lǐng)域。

更新日期：2021-10-21

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我院在高性能有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜研制方面取得重要進(jìn)展

我院在高性能有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜研制方面取得重要進(jìn)展

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我院在高性能有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜研制方面取得重要進(jìn)展

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-09-28文章來源:材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院瀏覽：90

? ? ?近日，國際知名期刊《德國應(yīng)用化學(xué)》（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., IF: 16.823）在線發(fā)表了我校分離膜與膜過程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室胡云霞研究員團(tuán)隊(duì)與英國愛丁堡大學(xué)Neil B. McKeown教授合作完成的題目為“2,2’-Biphenol-based Ultrathin Microporous Nanofilms for Highly Efficient Molecular Sieving Separation”的學(xué)術(shù)論文（Shao-Lu Li, Guoliang Chang, Yangzheng Huang, Ken Kinooka, Yanting Chen, Wenming Fu, Genghao Gong,* Tomohisa Yoshioka, Neil B. McKeown,* and Yunxia Hu*, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2022, e202212816. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212816 and 10.1002/ange.202212816）。Angewandte Chemie International Edition是目前國際化學(xué)領(lǐng)域最具影響力的綜合性刊物之一，且為中科院TOP期刊。? ? ?有機(jī)溶劑納濾是一種高效節(jié)能，操作簡便，易模塊化與規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用的新型膜分離技術(shù)，在化工、制藥、能源、環(huán)境等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出巨大的應(yīng)用潛力，可大幅度降低分離過程的能耗和碳排放，有望成為實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵支撐技術(shù)之一。? ? ?耐溶劑膜材料是有機(jī)溶劑納濾技術(shù)的核心。針對現(xiàn)有有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜普遍存在的溶劑滲透性差，分離精度低等挑戰(zhàn)，本工作從膜材料分子設(shè)計(jì)入手，首次合成了具有2,2'-聯(lián)苯酚（BIPOL）剛性結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種小分子，采用易工業(yè)化的界面聚合制膜技術(shù)，制備了超薄無缺陷、且具有高微孔性的聯(lián)苯酚耐溶劑納濾膜（~5 nm），用于有機(jī)溶劑體系的篩分。所研制的聯(lián)苯酚耐溶劑納濾膜具有超高的甲醇滲透系數(shù)（13~17.5 LMH/bar），且較低的截留分子量（~233 Da），顯著優(yōu)于目前文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的有機(jī)溶劑納濾膜的篩分水平。令人興奮的是，該聚聯(lián)苯酚納濾膜可以實(shí)現(xiàn)分子量、尺寸相近的甲基橙(MO, 327 Da)和亞甲基藍(lán)(MB, 320 Da)的精準(zhǔn)篩分，其分離機(jī)理為尺寸排阻與道南效應(yīng)的共同作用。本工作所研制的聚聯(lián)苯酚納濾膜具有規(guī)?；糯笊a(chǎn)的潛力，在特種分離如藥物分子精準(zhǔn)分離方面有巨大的應(yīng)用前景。圖1? 采用聯(lián)苯酚水相單體通過界面聚合制備超薄無缺陷且具有高微孔性的聯(lián)苯酚耐溶劑納濾膜示意圖圖2? 聯(lián)苯酚耐溶劑納濾膜的篩分性能? ? ?該工作的第一作者為我院青年教師李少路，胡云霞研究員、龔耿浩研究員、Neil B. McKeown教授為論文共同通訊作者，天津工業(yè)大學(xué)為第一完成單位。本工作受到國家自然科學(xué)基金（No. 21978215）、天津市教委科研計(jì)劃（No.2019KJ006）以及天津市科技計(jì)劃（No. 20ZYJDJC00100）項(xiàng)目的資助。本工作感謝我校分析測試中心在分析測試方面給予的大力支持！撰稿人：胡云霞 審稿人：高輝

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